World Cancer Day 2021

Honoring the COVID-19 Heroes in Cancer Care

A recognition of the extraordinary efforts by healthcare professionals, caregivers, and researchers supporting cancer patients during the dual crises of cancer and COVID-19

#IAmAndIWill #WorldCancerDay #CancerCare

Introduction: A Global Crisis Within a Crisis

The year 2021 presented an unprecedented challenge in global healthcare. As the COVID-19 pandemic entered its second year, another health crisis simmered in its shadow—the ongoing battle against cancer.

February 4, 2021

World Cancer Day observed under the theme "I Am and I Will"

Dual Crises

Healthcare professionals stood on the front lines of both COVID-19 and cancer

On February 4, 2021, the world observed World Cancer Day under the powerful theme "I Am and I Will," which took on profound new meaning. This theme served as a rallying cry, embodying the determination of healthcare professionals and caregivers who stood on the front lines of dual crises 6 7 . The day was dedicated to the courage and achievements of people living with cancer and their families, as well as the nurses, doctors, researchers, volunteers, and advocates who cared for them amid a devastating pandemic 1 4 .

"This year, more than ever, it is appropriate that we celebrate their achievements on World Cancer Day."

— Cary Adams, UICC Chief Executive Officer 7

This article explores how the cancer community demonstrated remarkable resilience, adapting to unprecedented circumstances to ensure that cancer care would not become the forgotten 'C' during COVID-19.

The Stark Reality: Cancer Care in a Pandemic

Disruptions to Essential Services

The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted cancer care worldwide, creating what many termed "a crisis within a crisis." The World Health Organization (WHO) conducted a Global Pulse Survey revealing that between 5% and 50% of essential cancer services, including screening and treatment, were disrupted across all countries 2 .

Interrupted Cancer Services
  • Prevention programs experienced significant delays
  • Diagnostics and testing were interrupted
  • Clinical trials and research faced disruptions
  • Community outreach became challenging
  • Access to essential medicines saw greater barriers 5 7

Illustration of cancer service disruption levels across countries 2

The Financial Impact on Cancer Organizations

A survey conducted by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) among its members revealed staggering financial challenges:

Impact Area Percentage of Organizations Affected Nature of Impact
Reduced Income 77% (83 of 108 respondents) Income reductions of 25% to 100% in 2020 1 7
Reduced Activities & Services 80% (86 of 108 respondents) Significant cuts in operational capacity 1
Projected 2021 Impact Nearly three-quarters of organizations Expected continued financial pressures 4 7

"Cancer civil society organizations are holding up the end of the line, struggling to maintain life-saving services amid resource constraints and safety measures."

— Dr. Murallitharan Munisamy 5

Biological Interplay: Why Cancer Patients Faced Greater Risks

The Immunocompromised Status

Cancer patients faced significantly higher risks during the pandemic due to their immunocompromised status 2 . Several biological factors explained their vulnerability:

Biological Risk Factors
  • Weakened immune systems from chemotherapy and immunosuppressants following cancer surgery 2
  • Similar inflammatory responses in both COVID-19 and cancer 2
  • Molecular similarities including cytokine storms and increased ACE2 and TMPRSS2 production 2
  • Increased AXL expression, a transmembrane protein that promotes cell growth and migration in both cancer and COVID-19 2

Clinical Outcomes Data

Research consistently showed that cancer patients experienced worse outcomes when infected with COVID-19:

Patient Group Risk of Severe Illness ICU Admission Rate Mortality Rate
Cancer Patients with COVID-19 Significantly higher 38% required ICU care 2 7% died from COVID-19 2
General Population with COVID-19 Standard risk Lower comparative rate Lower comparative rate

One study of 131 cancer patients infected with COVID-19 revealed the sobering reality of their clinical course, with nearly 40% requiring intensive care support 2 . The lethal combination of COVID-19 and cancer led to these patients being described as "doubly unlucky" 2 .

Heroic Responses: Innovations in Cancer Care During COVID-19

The adaptations represented a "silver lining" to the COVID-19 crisis, potentially permanently improving cancer care delivery.

Adapting Service Delivery

Across the globe, the cancer community demonstrated extraordinary resilience and creativity in maintaining essential services.

Telemedicine Implementation

The Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia fast-tracked a Prostate Cancer Specialist Telenursing Service, the first of its kind in Australia 4

Volunteer Mobilization

Networks formed to deliver medication and food to patients in need, and ensured transportation to care centers 5 7

Digital Technology Expansion

Enabled doctors and research centers to collaborate globally, accelerating the move toward patient-centered care 5 7

Private Sector Innovation

Developed technologies to reduce time spent in care settings while maintaining treatment quality 5

Treatment Protocol Adjustments

Oncologists worldwide adjusted treatment protocols to minimize COVID-19 risks while maintaining anti-cancer efficacy:

  • Delaying cytotoxic treatment Until COVID-negative
  • Prioritizing safer alternatives Immunotherapies
  • Continuing low-risk treatments Hormone medications
  • Implementing COVID-19 protocols Specific to cancer types
Treatment Adjustments

Oncologists made evidence-based decisions to balance cancer treatment efficacy with COVID-19 risk reduction 2 8 .

These adaptations helped maintain critical cancer care while protecting vulnerable patients during the pandemic.

Scientific Spotlight: Key Research Informing Clinical Practice

The SOAP Study Breakthrough

The SOAP (Sars-CoV-2 for cancer Patients) study provided crucial insights that directly influenced clinical practice during the pandemic. This research revealed that cancer patients with solid tumor types, including those with advanced disease, had an immune response to COVID-19 similar to that seen in the general population 8 .

SOAP Study Methodology

The study followed a cohort of cancer patients with COVID-19 infection, monitoring their:

  • Immune response patterns to SARS-CoV-2 infection
  • Antibody development and persistence
  • Ability to safely resume cancer treatments after COVID-19 infection
Key Findings

The critical finding was that these patients developed lasting antibodies, making it possible to safely resume their cancer treatments after COVID-19 infection 8 .

"These results implied patients with solid tumor types being treated with immune-suppressive therapies would likely respond well to COVID-19 vaccines."

— Dr. Sheeba Irshad, lead researcher for the SOAP study 8

COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) Analysis

A registry analysis conducted on the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium provided crucial evidence guiding treatment decisions during the pandemic.

30-day mortality rates by treatment type based on CCC19 analysis 8

This data helped oncologists make better, evidence-based treatment decisions for patients during the pandemic, potentially helping them avoid delays in receiving or continuing their care 8 .

The Vaccine Revolution: Implications for Cancer Care

Protection for Vulnerable Patients

Vaccination emerged as a critical strategy for protecting cancer patients during the pandemic. Special considerations included:

Third Vaccination Doses

Recommended 3-4 months after the second dose for all cancer patients 2

Antibody Level Monitoring

With fourth doses suggested if anti-SARS-CoV-2 S titers fell below 1000 BAU/mL 2

Monoclonal Antibodies

Preparations like tixagevimab/cilgavimab for additional protection 2

Cross-Pollination Between Cancer and COVID-19 Science

The pandemic accelerated research with benefits for both fields:

mRNA Technology Advancement

mRNA vaccine technology, previously studied for cancer applications, provided a blueprint for rapid COVID-19 vaccine development 8

Vaccine Success Informing Cancer Research

COVID-19 vaccine success is now informing and accelerating cancer vaccine research 8

Future Predictions

BioNTech CEO Ugur Sahin predicts the first mRNA cancer vaccine approval within 2-3 years 8

Global Perspectives: Unequal Impacts and Responses

Disparities in Cancer Care

The pandemic exacerbated existing inequalities in cancer outcomes worldwide:

Breast Cancer Disparities
  • Breast cancer survival disparities between more-developed and less-developed countries widened 9
  • Sub-Saharan Africa faced particularly severe challenges
  • The ABC-DO study revealed substantial intergenerational consequences of breast cancer mortality 9
  • Maternal orphans due to breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa exceeded the number of breast cancer deaths themselves 9

Illustration of maternal orphans created by breast cancer deaths in sub-Saharan Africa 9

Regional Innovations

Different regions developed context-specific solutions:

Kenya

Focused on maintaining awareness about cancer despite pandemic constraints 7

Malaysia

Emphasized prevention and primary care adaptations 5

Peru

Demonstrated cancer advocacy success despite overwhelming challenges 5

India

Implemented lessons learned and innovations specific to its healthcare context 5

Conclusion: A Legacy of Resilience and Innovation

World Cancer Day 2021 served as a powerful reminder that even in the darkest times, human ingenuity and dedication persevere.

Human Dedication

The "I Am and I Will" theme resonated deeply as healthcare professionals demonstrated extraordinary commitment 4 6 7

Lasting Innovations

The rapid adoption of telemedicine and creative networks represent lasting improvements to cancer care systems worldwide

Heroic Efforts

The heroes of this dual crisis have not only navigated unprecedented challenges but have emerged with new tools and hope

While the disruptions to cancer services will likely lead to later-stage diagnoses and potentially higher cancer-related mortality in coming years 7 , the innovations born from necessity have permanently enriched the cancer care landscape.

"COVID-19 has impacted cancer control globally and the response by the cancer community has been extraordinary—heroic, even."

— Cary Adams, UICC Chief Executive Officer 7

References